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      <a href="/2017/03/04/angular-free-8-q-service-and-async-await/" title="玩转Angular1(8)--$q.all与async/await" itemprop="url">玩转Angular1(8)--$q.all与async/await</a>
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      <a href="https://godbasin.github.io" title="被删">被删</a>
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    <time datetime="2017-03-04T02:02:57.000Z" itemprop="datePublished">2017-03-04</time>
    更新日期:<time datetime="2017-07-14T13:03:24.511Z" itemprop="dateModified">2017-07-14</time>
    
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			<strong class="toc-title">文章目录</strong>
		<ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#q服务"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">$q服务</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#q简单介绍"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">$q简单介绍</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#使用-q-all合并多个请求"><span class="toc-number">1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">使用$q.all合并多个请求</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#async-await"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">async/await</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#语法"><span class="toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">语法</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#与Promise、Generator的比较"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">与Promise、Generator的比较</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#async-await使用场景"><span class="toc-number">2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">async/await使用场景</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#结束语"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">结束语</span></a></li></ol>
		</div>
		
		<p>AngularJS(v1.5.8)已经成为项目们的基本框架，《玩转Angular1》系列用于记录项目中的一些好玩或者比较特别的思路。<br>本文简单介绍angular的$q服务，ES7的async/await的说明和使用。<br><a id="more"></a></p>
<h2 id="q服务"><a href="#q服务" class="headerlink" title="$q服务"></a>$q服务</h2><hr>
<h3 id="q简单介绍"><a href="#q简单介绍" class="headerlink" title="$q简单介绍"></a>$q简单介绍</h3><ul>
<li>$q</li>
</ul>
<p>$q是做为angularjs的一个服务而存在的，只是对promise异步编程模式的一个简化实现版。<br>$q是Angular的一种内置服务，它可以使你异步地执行函数，并且当函数执行完成时它允许你使用函数的返回值（或异常）。</p>
<p>$q常用的几个方法：</p>
<ol>
<li>defer()<blockquote>
<p>创建一个deferred对象，这个对象可以执行几个常用的方法，比如resolve,reject,notify等</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>all()<blockquote>
<p>传入Promise的数组，批量执行，返回一个promise对象。<br>可以把多个primise的数组合并成一个。当所有的promise执行成功后，会执行后面的回调。回调中的参数，是每个promise执行的结果。</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>when()<blockquote>
<p>传入一个不确定的参数，如果符合Promise标准，就返回一个promise对象。</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>defer</li>
</ul>
<p>defer的字面意思是延迟，$q.defer() 可以创建一个deferred实例（延迟对象实例）。<br>deferred实例旨在暴露派生的Promise实例，以及被用来作为成功完成或未成功完成的信号API，以及当前任务的状态。</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> deferred = $q.defer();  <span class="comment">//通过$q服务注册一个延迟对象 deferred</span></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> promise = deferred.promise;  <span class="comment">//通过deferred延迟对象，可以得到一个承诺promise，而promise会返回当前任务的完成结果</span></div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>defer的方法：</p>
<ol>
<li>deferred.resolve(value)<blockquote>
<p>成功解决(resolve)了其派生的promise。<br>参数value将来会被用作promise.then(successCallback(value){…}, errorCallback(reason){…}, notifyCallback(notify){…})中successCallback函数的参数。</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>deferred.reject(reason)<blockquote>
<p>未成功解决其派生的promise。参数reason被用来说明未成功的原因。<br>此时deferred实例的promise对象将会捕获一个任务未成功执行的错误，promise.catch(errorCallback(reason){…})。<br>补充一点，promise.catch(errorCallback)实际上就是promise.then(null, errorCallback)的简写。</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>notify(value)<blockquote>
<p>更新promise的执行状态</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>promise</li>
</ul>
<p>当创建一个deferred实例时，promise实例也会被创建。通过deferred.promise就可以检索到deferred派生的promise。<br>promise的目的是允许interested parties访问deferred任务完成的结果。</p>
<p>promise 的方法:</p>
<ol>
<li>then(successCallback, errorCallback, nitifyCallback)<blockquote>
<p>根据promise被resolve/reject，或将要被resolve/reject,调用successCallback/errorCallback。</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>catch(errorCallback)<blockquote>
<p>then(null, errorCallback)的缩写。</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>finally(callback, notifyCallback)</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>参考<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/xing901022/p/4928147.html" target="_blank" rel="external">《AngularJS 中的Promise — $q服务详解》</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/big-snow/p/5126059.html?utm_source=tuicool&amp;utm_medium=referral" target="_blank" rel="external">《浅谈Angular的 $q, defer, promise》</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="使用-q-all合并多个请求"><a href="#使用-q-all合并多个请求" class="headerlink" title="使用$q.all合并多个请求"></a>使用$q.all合并多个请求</h3><p>项目中会存在以下情况：</p>
<ol>
<li>需要同时获取多个请求的数据。</li>
<li>请求时间较长，可进行取消操作。</li>
</ol>
<p>这里我们可通过angular的$q服务进行封装，来实现我们的需求：</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div><div class="line">16</div><div class="line">17</div><div class="line">18</div><div class="line">19</div><div class="line">20</div><div class="line">21</div><div class="line">22</div><div class="line">23</div><div class="line">24</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">ngModule.factory(<span class="string">'qService'</span>, [<span class="string">'$http'</span>, <span class="string">'$q'</span>, <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params">$http, $q</span>) </span>&#123;</div><div class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> &#123;</div><div class="line">        query(param) &#123;</div><div class="line">            <span class="keyword">const</span> deferred = $q.defer(); <span class="comment">//声明承诺</span></div><div class="line">            <span class="keyword">const</span> cancel = <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params">reason</span>) </span>&#123;</div><div class="line">                deferred.reject(reason);</div><div class="line">            &#125;;</div><div class="line">            $http(param).then(<span class="function"><span class="params">res</span> =&gt;</span> &#123; errCodeHandler(res); deferred.resolve(res.data); &#125;, res =&gt; &#123; errCodeHandler(res); deferred.reject() &#125;);</div><div class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> &#123;</div><div class="line">                cancel, <span class="comment">// 返回取消事件</span></div><div class="line">                promise: deferred.promise <span class="comment">// 返回承诺</span></div><div class="line">            &#125;;</div><div class="line">        &#125;,</div><div class="line">        multiquery(params) &#123;</div><div class="line">            <span class="keyword">const</span> promises = params.map(<span class="function"><span class="params">param</span> =&gt;</span> $http(param).then(<span class="function"><span class="params">res</span> =&gt;</span> &#123;</div><div class="line">                errCodeHandler(res);</div><div class="line">                <span class="keyword">return</span> res;</div><div class="line">            &#125;));</div><div class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> &#123;</div><div class="line">                <span class="attr">all</span>: $q.all(promises)</div><div class="line">            &#125;;</div><div class="line">        &#125;</div><div class="line">    &#125;;</div><div class="line">&#125;])</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>当然，上面使用的是defer，是挺久前的代码了呢。<br>其实我们也可以使用Promise来进行，我们还可以拆分成两个服务，更加方便使用：</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div><div class="line">16</div><div class="line">17</div><div class="line">18</div><div class="line">19</div><div class="line">20</div><div class="line">21</div><div class="line">22</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">ngModule.factory(<span class="string">'qService'</span>, [<span class="string">'$http'</span>, <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params">$http</span>) </span>&#123;</div><div class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="function"><span class="params">params</span> =&gt;</span> &#123;</div><div class="line">        <span class="keyword">let</span> resolve;</div><div class="line">        <span class="keyword">let</span> reject;</div><div class="line">        <span class="keyword">const</span> promise = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="built_in">Promise</span>(<span class="function">(<span class="params">res, rej</span>) =&gt;</span> &#123;</div><div class="line">            resolve = res;</div><div class="line">            reject = rej;</div><div class="line">        &#125;);</div><div class="line">        $http(params).then(<span class="function"><span class="params">res</span> =&gt;</span> &#123; errCodeHandler(res); resolve(res.data); &#125;, res =&gt; &#123; errCodeHandler(res); reject() &#125;);</div><div class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> &#123;</div><div class="line">            <span class="attr">cancel</span>: reject, <span class="comment">// 返回取消事件</span></div><div class="line">            promise: promise <span class="comment">// 返回承诺</span></div><div class="line">        &#125;;</div><div class="line">    &#125;;</div><div class="line">&#125;])</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">ngModule.factory(<span class="string">'qMultiService'</span>, [<span class="string">'$http'</span>, <span class="string">'$q'</span>, <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params">$http, $q</span>) </span>&#123;</div><div class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="function"><span class="params">params</span> =&gt;</span> &#123;</div><div class="line">        <span class="keyword">const</span> promises = params.map(<span class="function"><span class="params">param</span> =&gt;</span> $http(param).then(<span class="function"><span class="params">res</span> =&gt;</span> &#123; errCodeHandler(res); <span class="keyword">return</span> res.data; &#125;, res =&gt; &#123; errCodeHandler(res); &#125;));</div><div class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> $q.all(promises);</div><div class="line">    &#125;;</div><div class="line">&#125;])</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>其中errCodeHandler为前面介绍过的错误码处理，大家可翻阅<a href="https://godbasin.github.io/2017/02/24/angular-free-5-http-error-code-handle/">《玩转Angular1(5)–$http服务封装为异常处理服务》</a>。</p>
<h2 id="async-await"><a href="#async-await" class="headerlink" title="async/await"></a>async/await</h2><hr>
<h3 id="语法"><a href="#语法" class="headerlink" title="语法"></a>语法</h3><p>ES2017 标准提供了async函数，使得异步操作变得更加方便。</p>
<ol>
<li>async函数返回一个Promise对象</li>
</ol>
<p>async函数内部return语句返回的值，会成为then方法回调函数的参数。<br>async函数内部抛出错误，会导致返回的Promise对象变为reject状态。抛出的错误对象会被catch方法回调函数接收到。</p>
<ol>
<li><p>async函数返回的Promise对象，必须等到内部所有await命令的Promise对象执行完，才会发生状态改变，除非遇到return语句或者抛出错误。也就是说，只有async函数内部的异步操作执行完，才会执行then方法指定的回调函数。</p>
</li>
<li><p>正常情况下，await命令后面是一个Promise对象。如果不是，会被转成一个立即resolve的Promise对象。</p>
</li>
</ol>
<p>await命令后面的Promise对象如果变为reject状态，则reject的参数会被catch方法的回调函数接收到。</p>
<ol>
<li>如果await后面的异步操作出错，那么等同于async函数返回的Promise对象被reject。</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="与Promise、Generator的比较"><a href="#与Promise、Generator的比较" class="headerlink" title="与Promise、Generator的比较"></a>与Promise、Generator的比较</h3><p>async函数就是Generator函数的语法糖。</p>
<p>Async函数的实现最简洁，最符合语义，几乎没有语义不相关的代码。<br>它将Generator写法中的自动执行器，改在语言层面提供，不暴露给用户，因此代码量最少。如果使用Generator写法，自动执行器需要用户自己提供。</p>
<ul>
<li>参考<br>以上均来自阮一峰<a href="http://es6.ruanyifeng.com/#docs/async" target="_blank" rel="external">《异步操作和Async函数》</a>。</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="async-await使用场景"><a href="#async-await使用场景" class="headerlink" title="async/await使用场景"></a>async/await使用场景</h3><p>现在，我们存在这样的需求：</p>
<ul>
<li>从一个接口中获取一个角色数组，该数组包括一些角色信息</li>
<li>每个角色都需要二次获取对应的权限信息</li>
<li>需要同时获取角色信息以及其相应的权限信息</li>
</ul>
<p>此时，我们若需要进行多次的请求，嵌套以及等待请求返回都会显得比较被动。</p>
<p>我们可以使用async/await，大大简化该过程：</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">getRolesAndPermissions() &#123;</div><div class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> qHttp.get(<span class="string">'/roles'</span>).then(</div><div class="line">        <span class="keyword">async</span> (roles) =&gt; &#123;</div><div class="line">            <span class="keyword">const</span> roleMap = &#123;&#125;;</div><div class="line">            <span class="keyword">const</span> resourcesArray = <span class="keyword">await</span> <span class="built_in">Promise</span>.all(roles.map(<span class="function"><span class="params">role</span> =&gt;</span> qHttp.get(<span class="string">'/roles/permissions/'</span> + role.roleId)));</div><div class="line">            resourcesArray.forEach(<span class="function">(<span class="params">res, index</span>) =&gt;</span> &#123;</div><div class="line">                roleMap[roles[index].roleId] = res;</div><div class="line">            &#125;);</div><div class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> [roles, roleMap];</div><div class="line">        &#125;</div><div class="line">    );</div><div class="line">&#125;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="结束语"><a href="#结束语" class="headerlink" title="结束语"></a>结束语</h2><hr>
<p>这节主要简单介绍了angular的$q服务，并对ES7的async/await进行了一些说明，以及介绍了在某些场景下的使用。<br>其实async/await的使用是其中一个小朋友引进来的，很多想法和思路也需要跟其他人切磋和学习，果然团队合作什么的最棒了，二十一世纪了，要合作共赢呀。</p>
  
		
		<p style="margin-top:50px;">查看Github有更多内容噢：<a href="https://github.com/godbasin">https://github.com/godbasin</a></p>
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	<p style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 20px;">码生艰难，写文不易，给我家猪囤点猫粮了喵~</p>
	<div class="author-right">
  		<p>作者：被删</p>
  		<p>出处：<a href="https://godbasin.github.io">https://godbasin.github.io</a></p>
  		<p>本文版权归作者所有，欢迎转载，但未经作者同意必须保留此段声明，且在文章页面明显位置给出原文连接，否则保留追究法律责任的权利。</p>
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